Question 1

In March 2024, a study by the Federation of Industries of the State of Minas Gerais (Fiemg) projected that the combined impact of Dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya in Brazil could lead to a deduction of approximately how much from the Brazilian economy in 2024, considering both GDP losses and healthcare expenditures?

Accepted Answer

R$ 20.3 billion

Question 2

Argentina's economic crisis has severely impacted its health sector. Between December 2023 and December 2024, deep budget cuts led to the closure of specific health departments. Which of the following was NOT among the departments reportedly affected by these cuts?

Accepted Answer

Mental Health Services

Question 3

In April 2024, Colombia's National Superintendency of Health intervened in two of the country's largest health insurance providers, Entidades Promotoras de Salud (EPS). These interventions placed nearly half of Colombia's health system users under government control. Which two EPSs were intervened?

Accepted Answer

EPS Sanitas and Nueva EPS

Question 4

A report by PAHO in July 2025 estimated that noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and mental health conditions will cost South America over US$7.3 trillion between 2020 and 2050. Which country was projected to incur the highest individual cost during this period?

Accepted Answer

Brazil

Question 5

The COVID-19 pandemic had a severe economic impact on Latin America and the Caribbean, with the region experiencing its sharpest contraction in a century. In 2020, the region's GDP contracted by approximately what percentage?

Accepted Answer

9.1%

Question 6

According to a report from the World Bank and Pan American Health Organization published in October 2025, a hypothetical health emergency that reduces primary health care delivery by 25-50% for one to five years in Latin America and the Caribbean could lead to significant economic losses. What is the estimated range of these economic losses?

Accepted Answer

$7 billion - $37 billion

Question 7

In Bolivia, the devaluation of the boliviano and a dollar shortage have drastically increased the cost of medical equipment. A heart surgeon noted that the price of essential products like cardiac valves and oxygenator kits has approximately doubled. What is a significant consequence of this economic pressure on the healthcare system in Bolivia?

Accepted Answer

Surgeries becoming unaffordable, leading to postponements and worse outcomes.

Question 8

As of October 2024, Venezuela's Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) for 2024 was the least funded globally. What percentage of the required funding had been secured by late October?

Accepted Answer

17%

Question 9

In Chile, while the economy is projected to resume growth, investment and growth rates have been declining for years. Permitting processes for new projects have become more complicated, uncertain, and lengthier due to increased safeguards for various concerns. Which of the following is NOT explicitly mentioned as a safeguard leading to these complexities?

Accepted Answer

Worker unionization demands

Question 10

In Peru, economic activity contracted by 0.6% in 2023, the first setback since 1998 (excluding the pandemic). This contraction was attributed to political and social unrest, weather anomalies, high inflation, and weak confidence. Which primary activity was heavily affected by these factors?

Accepted Answer

Fishing

South America's Economic Pulse: Health Crises, Global Events, and Local Realities

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