Question 1

In late 2024, Mercosur foreign ministers agreed to temporarily expand the number of imported goods each member country could exempt from the bloc's Common External Tariff (CET). What is the new limit on these exemptions, and until when will this flexibility last?

Accepted Answer

150 items until December 2028

Question 2

A significant border dispute reignited in mid-2025 between Colombia and Peru concerning Santa Rosa Island on the Amazon River. According to historical treaties and Colombian claims, what is the basis of Colombia's argument regarding the island's territorial waters?

Accepted Answer

The 1922 treaty established the border at the deepest point of the Amazon, and changing river levels now place the island on the Colombian side.

Question 3

The EU and Mercosur reached a political agreement for a partnership on December 6, 2024. When was the European Commission's proposal for the signature and conclusion of the EU-Mercosur Partnership Agreement (EMPA) and the interim Trade Agreement (iTA) adopted?

Accepted Answer

September 3, 2025

Question 4

The 200th anniversary of the Battle of Ayacucho was commemorated on December 9, 2024. This battle is considered a milestone for which major South American historical event?

Accepted Answer

The end of Spanish colonial rule in South America.

Question 5

In March 2025, governors from eleven South American nations mandated the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) to design a regional initiative. What is the name of this program, and what are its three main pillars?

Accepted Answer

South Connection; Infrastructure, Logistics, and Regulatory Frameworks

Question 6

Brazil is developing five 'bi-oceanic corridors' aimed at connecting its western agricultural regions to the Pacific. Which of these corridors is described as the most promising for utilizing existing river routes to Peru and Colombia for soybean transport?

Accepted Answer

The Amazonas Route

Question 7

In December 2025, the 67th MERCOSUR Presidents' Summit was held in Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil. What significant development regarding Bolivia's membership in Mercosur was highlighted during the summit?

Accepted Answer

The summit discussed the implementation process of Bolivia's Protocol of Accession.

Question 8

The EU-Mercosur trade deal, provisionally effective from May 1, 2026, aims to reduce trade barriers. What is a key geopolitical factor that significantly pressured the EU to finalize this agreement in 2024-2025?

Accepted Answer

The imposition of tariffs by the Trump administration, encouraging trade diversification.

Question 9

In April 2025, Russia celebrated anniversaries of its diplomatic relations with several South American countries. Which of the following countries is NOT among those celebrating 80 years of diplomatic relations with Russia in 2025?

Accepted Answer

Colombia

Question 10

The International Summit on Sustainability and Environmental Innovation is scheduled to be held in Bogotá from September 9-11, 2025. Which institution, besides CAR Cundinamarca, is listed as a strategic ally for organizing this event?

Accepted Answer

The Development Bank of Latin America and the Caribbean (CAF)

Question 11

On December 6, 2024, Mercosur and the European Union announced a free trade agreement. Who was the President of the European Commission present at this announcement in Montevideo, Uruguay?

Accepted Answer

Ursula von der Leyen

Question 12

In 2025, eleven South American nations gathered in Santiago to provide the IDB with a mandate for a regional initiative. Which of the following countries was NOT among the eleven nations that participated in this mandate, according to the provided information?

Accepted Answer

Mexico

South American Diplomacy & Trade: Key Summits, Border Disputes, and EU Accord in 2025-2026

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