Questions & Answers
Browse all 26 questions from the
Middle East Diplomacy: Key Alliances, Border Security, and Regional Tensions Explored study set below.
Each question shows the correct answer — select a study format above to practice interactively.
1
In May 2026, Iraq and Iran agreed on coordinated measures to strengthen border security and prevent the movement of armed or terrorist groups. Which specific region within Iraq was highlighted as a concern regarding the activities of certain Iranian armed groups?
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A
Baghdad
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B
Basra
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C
Iraqi Kurdistan
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D
Diyala Governorate
2
Which nation, brokered by China, agreed in March 2023 to reestablish diplomatic ties with Iran, ending a significant period of estrangement?
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A
Saudi Arabia
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B
United Arab Emirates
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C
Qatar
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D
Oman
3
The maritime border dispute between Israel and Lebanon, concerning offshore gas fields, was resolved in October 2022. Who was the primary American diplomat responsible for mediating this agreement?
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A
Amos Hochstein
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B
Brett McGurk
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C
David Satterfield
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D
Matthew Tucciarone
4
In May 2023, Syria was readmitted to the Arab League after a twelve-year suspension. Which of the following countries were among the most reluctant to re-establish diplomatic relations with Syria following its readmission?
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A
Saudi Arabia and Jordan
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B
Qatar and Kuwait
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C
United Arab Emirates and Bahrain
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D
Egypt and Iraq
5
In April 2026, Turkey and Syria discussed bilateral relations and regional issues on the sidelines of the Antalya Diplomacy Forum. Who was the Syrian counterpart of Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan at this forum?
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A
Ahmad al-Sharaa
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B
Bashar al-Assad
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C
Faisal Mekdad
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D
Mohammad Nidal al-Shaar
6
As of early 2026, Iran and Iraq's shared border is described as being highly secured and stable, with no significant security-related problems. What is the approximate length of this shared border?
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A
Approximately 1,609 kilometers
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B
Approximately 500 kilometers
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C
Approximately 1,000 kilometers
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D
Approximately 2,000 kilometers
7
In April 2024, Jordan, in coordination with the United States, played a role in defending Israel against a large-scale aerial attack. Which country, along with its proxies, launched this attack?
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A
Iran
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B
Syria
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C
Hezbollah
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D
Hamas
8
Egypt and Israel have maintained a peace treaty for over four decades. Which significant event in late 2023 and early 2026 strained their relationship, despite continued security and economic cooperation?
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A
Israel's military presence in the Philadelphi Corridor
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B
Egypt's refusal to participate in regional defense initiatives
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C
Disputes over water rights in the Sinai Peninsula
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D
A breakdown in trade negotiations for natural gas
9
Oman has historically served as a mediator in the region, maintaining relations with various powers. During the period of heightened tensions in mid-2026, which major power exerted significant pressure on Oman to cut ties with Iran?
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A
United States
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B
Russia
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C
China
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D
India
10
In March 2023, after discussions brokered by China, Iran and Saudi Arabia agreed to reestablish relations. In October 2024, which Middle Eastern capital city hosted a meeting between the Iranian President and the Saudi Foreign Minister to discuss bilateral ties?
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A
Doha, Qatar
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B
Abu Dhabi, UAE
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C
Manama, Bahrain
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D
Amman, Jordan
11
In May 2023, Syria was readmitted to the Arab League. What were cited as two of the main practical considerations driving this decision, alongside other regional security concerns?
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A
Captagon trafficking and the Syrian refugee crisis
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B
Oil export policies and regional leadership aspirations
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C
Maritime border disputes and energy resources
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D
Historical trade agreements and cultural exchanges
12
As of early 2026, the maritime border dispute between Israel and Lebanon over the Qana and Karish gas fields was resolved in October 2022. What was the duration of this territorial dispute?
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A
From 2010 until 2022
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B
From 2015 until 2023
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C
From 2011 until 2021
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D
From 2009 until 2020
13
In April 2026, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan met with his Syrian counterpart Ahmad al-Sharaa at the Antalya Diplomacy Forum. What key areas did Erdogan urge for expanded cooperation between Ankara and Damascus?
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A
Defense, security, trade, energy, and transportation
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B
Cultural exchange, tourism, education, and healthcare
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C
Agricultural development, infrastructure, and technology
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D
Financial services, banking, and investment
14
In May 2026, Iraq and Iran agreed on joint border security measures. Which specific security threat did they aim to curb along their shared border?
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A
Movement of armed or terrorist groups
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B
Smuggling of antiquities
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C
Illegal migration from Central Asia
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D
Piracy in the Shatt al-Arab waterway
15
In October 2024, Saudi Arabia and Iran made efforts to improve their relations. Which country's capital hosted the meeting between the Iranian President and Saudi Arabia's Foreign Minister?
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A
Qatar
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B
Bahrain
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C
Kuwait
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D
Oman
16
In April 2024, Jordan, along with the United States and France, assisted in intercepting aerial threats launched at Israel. Which country was identified as the source of these missiles and drones?
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A
Iran
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B
Syria
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C
Hezbollah
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D
Iraq
17
In May 2023, Syria was readmitted to the Arab League. Which two countries were noted as pushing the hardest for this rapprochement?
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A
Saudi Arabia and Jordan
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B
Qatar and Kuwait
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C
United Arab Emirates and Bahrain
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D
Egypt and Iraq
18
In May 2026, Iran and Iraq held a meeting of their Joint Higher Security Committee. What was a key focus of this meeting regarding groups operating in the Kurdistan Region?
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A
Controlling the activities of Iranian Kurdish opposition parties
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B
Coordinating counter-terrorism efforts against ISIS
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C
Establishing joint patrols along the entire border
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D
Addressing the smuggling of oil and narcotics
19
In October 2022, the maritime border dispute between Israel and Lebanon was resolved through an agreement guaranteed by which country?
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A
United States
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B
United Nations
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C
European Union
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D
Russia
20
In May 2026, Iraq and Iran agreed to intensify security measures along their border. What did Baghdad reaffirm its commitment to regarding its territory?
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A
Not allowing its territory to be used for hostile actions against neighboring states
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B
Allowing limited cross-border trade with specific Iranian provinces
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C
Cooperating with Iran on developing joint military bases
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D
Sharing intelligence on all militant groups operating in the region
21
In early 2026, a report highlighted that the borders between Iran and Iraq are fully secure and stable. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a measure to expand and deepen joint security cooperation between the two countries?
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A
Joint cyber-security drills
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B
Information sharing
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C
Exchange of experiences
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D
Coordinated patrols and joint maneuvers
22
In October 2024, Saudi Arabia and Iran engaged in high-level talks in Doha. What was one of the key topics discussed besides bilateral ties?
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A
Israeli attacks on Gaza and Lebanon
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B
The ongoing conflict in Yemen
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C
The potential for a joint economic zone
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D
Cooperation on space exploration
23
In May 2023, Syria was readmitted to the Arab League. Which of these countries was among the most reluctant to re-establish full bilateral relations with Syria after its readmission?
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A
Qatar
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B
Saudi Arabia
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C
Jordan
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D
Egypt
24
In April 2026, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan met with Syrian counterpart Ahmad al-Sharaa. Erdogan emphasized that Türkiye would continue to stand by Syria in which processes?
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A
Unity and solidarity, reconstruction and development
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B
Military expansion and regional influence
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C
Political reform and democratic elections
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D
Social welfare and poverty reduction
25
In May 2026, Iraq and Iran agreed to intensify security measures along their border. What did the Iranian delegation present regarding the Kurdistan Region?
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A
Information regarding the activities of certain Iranian armed groups
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B
A proposal for joint economic development projects
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C
Evidence of foreign interference in border security
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D
Historical documents detailing past border agreements
26
In April 2024, Jordan assisted in intercepting aerial threats launched at Israel, in coordination with the US. Which entities were identified as the sources of these missiles and drones?
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A
Iran and its proxies
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B
Syrian government forces
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C
Palestinian militant groups
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D
Houthi rebels in Yemen
