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Foundations of Logic

Logic

A collection of factual questions covering the principles of formal logic, historical figures, and logical operations.

philosophy mathematics critical-thinking

15 Questions Medium Ages 13+ Nov 2, 2026

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About this Study Set

This study set covers Logic through 15 practice questions. A collection of factual questions covering the principles of formal logic, historical figures, and logical operations. Every question includes the correct answer so you can learn as you go — pick any format above to get started.

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1 Who is widely considered the father of formal logic for his development of the syllogism?

A Socrates
B Plato
C Aristotle
D Pythagoras

2 In propositional logic, what is the term for a statement that is always true under every possible interpretation?

A Contradiction
B Tautology
C Variable
D Conjunction

3 Which logical operator is represented by the symbol '∨' and returns true if at least one input is true?

A Disjunction
B Negation
C Implication
D Biconditional

4 What is the name of the logical fallacy that involves attacking the person making an argument rather than the argument itself?

A Straw man
B Ad hominem
C False dilemma
D Slippery slope

5 Which English mathematician developed the algebraic system of logic now known as Boolean algebra?

A Isaac Newton
B Alan Turing
C George Boole
D Ada Lovelace

6 In a syllogism, what is the name of the statement that follows from the major and minor premises?

A Axiom
B Hypothesis
C Conclusion
D Variable

7 What does the logical 'NOT' operator, usually represented by '¬', do to the truth value of a proposition?

A Doubles it
B Inverts it
C Squares it
D Adds it

8 Which 20th-century logician is famous for proving the 'Incompleteness Theorems'?

A Kurt Gödel
B Bertrand Russell
C Gottlob Frege
D Ludwig Wittgenstein

9 A 'conditional' statement in logic is often structured in which of the following formats?

A Neither A nor B
B If P, then Q
C P and Q
D Either P or Q

10 What is the technical term for a logical argument that is valid and has true premises?

A Consistent
B Sound
C Complete
D Decidable

11 What is the term for the logical principle stating that a statement cannot be both true and false at the same time and in the same sense?

A Law of Identity
B Law of Excluded Middle
C Law of Non-Contradiction
D Principle of Sufficient Reason

12 Which gate in digital logic outputs a high signal only if both of its inputs are high?

A OR gate
B NOT gate
C AND gate
D XOR gate

13 What is the name of the logical structure where a proposition must be either true or false, with no third option?

A Law of Excluded Middle
B Double Negation
C Universal Generalization
D Existential Instantiation

14 In predicate logic, what symbol is used to denote the existential quantifier?

A ∀
B ∃
C →
D ↔

15 Which logical connective requires both propositions to be true for the entire statement to be true?

A Disjunction
B Conjunction
C Negation
D Implication

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