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Introduction to Volcanology

Volcanology

An overview of volcanic structures, types, and geological processes.

geology earth science volcanoes

15 Questions Easy Ages 5+ Nov 2, 2026

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About this Study Set

This study set covers Volcanology through 15 practice questions. An overview of volcanic structures, types, and geological processes. Every question includes the correct answer so you can learn as you go — pick any format above to get started.

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Browse all 15 questions from the Introduction to Volcanology study set below. Each question shows the correct answer — select a study format above to practice interactively.

1 What is the molten rock called when it is beneath the Earth's surface?

A Lava
B Magma
C Ash
D Tuff

2 Which type of volcano is characterized by broad, gently sloping sides built by lava flows?

A Shield volcano
B Cinder cone
C Stratovolcano
D Lava dome

3 What is the primary gas released during a volcanic eruption?

A Oxygen
B Nitrogen
C Water vapor
D Helium

4 What is the name of the large basin-shaped depression formed when a volcano collapses after an eruption?

A Vent
B Crater
C Caldera
D Fissure

5 Which instrument is used by scientists to detect and record volcanic earthquakes?

A Barometer
B Thermometer
C Seismograph
D Anemometer

6 What term describes a volcano that is not currently erupting but is expected to erupt again?

A Extinct
B Dormant
C Active
D Stable

7 What is the smallest type of pyroclastic material ejected from a volcano?

A Volcanic ash
B Lapilli
C Volcanic bombs
D Blocks

8 Which plate boundary type is most commonly associated with volcanic activity?

A Transform boundary
B Divergent boundary
C Passive margin
D Continental shelf

9 What is the scientific term for the study of volcanoes?

A Meteorology
B Oceanography
C Volcanology
D Seismology

10 What is the term for a volcanic opening through which lava and gases are expelled?

A Vent
B Magma chamber
C Dike
D Sill

11 Which volcanic rock is typically dark-colored and rich in iron and magnesium?

A Granite
B Basalt
C Pumice
D Obsidian

12 What is the name of the 'Ring' where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur in the Pacific Ocean?

A Ring of Fire
B Circle of Magma
C Volcanic Belt
D Pacific Arc

13 Which volcanic structure is typically built from particles and blobs of congealed lava ejected from a single vent?

A Shield volcano
B Cinder cone
C Stratovolcano
D Caldera

14 What type of lava is characterized by a rough, jagged, and blocky surface?

A Pahoehoe
B Aa
C Pillow lava
D Columnar

15 What substance causes volcanic glass (obsidian) to lack a crystalline structure?

A Rapid cooling
B High pressure
C Mineral impurities
D Gas bubbles

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