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Foundations of Earth Science

Geology

A collection of fundamental geological facts covering Earth's structure, processes, and classification.

earth science geology education

15 Questions Medium Ages 5+ Sep 30, 2026

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About this Study Set

This study set covers Geology through 15 practice questions. A collection of fundamental geological facts covering Earth's structure, processes, and classification. Every question includes the correct answer so you can learn as you go — pick any format above to get started.

Questions & Answers

Browse all 15 questions from the Foundations of Earth Science study set below. Each question shows the correct answer — select a study format above to practice interactively.

1 Which layer of the Earth is composed primarily of liquid iron and nickel?

A Inner core
B Outer core
C Mantle
D Crust

2 What type of rock is formed from the cooling and solidification of molten magma or lava?

A Sedimentary
B Metamorphic
C Igneous
D Conglomerate

3 Which scale is commonly used to measure the intensity of an earthquake based on energy release?

A Mohs scale
B Richter scale
C Beaufort scale
D Fujita scale

4 What is the most abundant gas in the Earth's atmosphere?

A Oxygen
B Carbon dioxide
C Argon
D Nitrogen

5 Which mineral is defined as having a hardness of 10 on the Mohs scale?

A Quartz
B Diamond
C Topaz
D Corundum

6 What is the process by which rocks are broken down into smaller pieces by wind, water, or ice?

A Weathering
B Subduction
C Metamorphism
D Crystallization

7 The San Andreas Fault is an example of which type of plate boundary?

A Divergent
B Convergent
C Transform
D Subduction

8 Which geological era is often referred to as the 'Age of Dinosaurs'?

A Paleozoic
B Mesozoic
C Cenozoic
D Precambrian

9 What is the primary component of the Earth's continental crust?

A Basalt
B Granite
C Limestone
D Obsidian

10 What is the name of the supercontinent that existed approximately 250 million years ago?

A Gondwana
B Laurasia
C Pangaea
D Rodinia

11 Which type of rock is most likely to contain fossils?

A Igneous
B Metamorphic
C Sedimentary
D Volcanic

12 What phenomenon occurs when soil loses its strength and behaves like a liquid during an earthquake?

A Liquefaction
B Subduction
C Erosion
D Deposition

13 Which layer of the Earth is responsible for the movement of tectonic plates?

A Lithosphere
B Asthenosphere
C Outer core
D Inner core

14 What is the chemical symbol for the most common mineral group found in the Earth's crust, the silicates?

A SiO2
B Fe2O3
C CaCO3
D NaCl

15 Which force is primarily responsible for the formation of fold mountains?

A Erosion
B Volcanism
C Tectonic compression
D Glaciation

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