Historical Milestones in Chemistry

Chemistry

A collection of challenging questions focusing on the history and discovery of fundamental chemical principles and elements.

history science discovery

8 Questions Hard Ages 16+ Sep 29, 2026

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About this Study Set

This study set covers Chemistry through 8 practice questions. A collection of challenging questions focusing on the history and discovery of fundamental chemical principles and elements. Every question includes the correct answer so you can learn as you go — pick any format above to get started.

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1 In 1869, which scientist published the first version of the periodic table, famously leaving gaps for elements that had not yet been discovered, such as gallium and germanium?

A Dmitri Mendeleev
B Lothar Meyer
C John Newlands
D Henry Moseley

2 Who was the first person to isolate the element fluorine in its gaseous state in 1886, a feat that had previously led to the death or injury of several researchers?

A Humphry Davy
B Henri Moissan
C Carl Wilhelm Scheele
D Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac

3 The 'phlogiston theory,' a discredited scientific theory that proposed a fire-like element was contained within combustible bodies, was definitively debunked by which chemist's work on oxygen?

A Robert Boyle
B John Dalton
C Antoine Lavoisier
D Jöns Jacob Berzelius

4 Which female scientist was the first person to win Nobel Prizes in two different scientific fields, specifically Physics (1903) and Chemistry (1911)?

A Dorothy Hodgkin
B Irène Joliot-Curie
C Lise Meitner
D Marie Curie

5 In 1828, Friedrich Wöhler famously synthesized urea from inorganic starting materials, effectively shattering which long-held chemical doctrine?

A Vitalism
B The Law of Definite Proportions
C The Law of Conservation of Mass
D Atomic Theory

6 Ernest Rutherford's 1909 gold foil experiment led to the discovery of which fundamental structure of the atom?

A The electron cloud
B The atomic nucleus
C The neutron
D The valence shell

7 Which scientist is credited with the discovery of 'heavy water' (deuterium oxide) in 1931, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1934?

A Harold Urey
B Gilbert N. Lewis
C Frederick Soddy
D William Ramsay

8 Before the modern symbol system was adopted, which chemist proposed the use of letters to represent elements (e.g., O for Oxygen, C for Carbon) in the early 19th century?

A Amedeo Avogadro
B Jöns Jacob Berzelius
C Stanislao Cannizzaro
D John Dalton

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