Questions & Answers
Browse all 15 questions from the
Advanced Psychology Fundamentals study set below.
Each question shows the correct answer — select a study format above to practice interactively.
1
Which psychological phenomenon describes the tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors?
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A
The Bystander Effect
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B
The False Consensus Effect
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C
The Dunning-Kruger Effect
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D
The Placebo Effect
2
Who is primarily credited with the development of the 'Hierarchy of Needs' theory?
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A
Sigmund Freud
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B
B.F. Skinner
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C
Abraham Maslow
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D
Carl Rogers
3
What is the term for the memory process that involves organizing information into manageable units to improve retention?
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A
Encoding
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B
Chunking
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C
Retrieval
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D
Rehearsal
4
In operant conditioning, what is the effect of negative reinforcement?
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A
Decreasing a behavior by adding a stimulus
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B
Increasing a behavior by removing an aversive stimulus
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C
Decreasing a behavior by removing a reward
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D
Increasing a behavior by adding a reward
5
Which neurotransmitter is most directly associated with the regulation of mood and is a common target for antidepressants?
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A
Serotonin
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B
Dopamine
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C
Acetylcholine
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D
GABA
6
What is the primary function of the hippocampus in the human brain?
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A
Regulation of emotions
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B
Motor coordination
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C
Formation of new long-term memories
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D
Processing visual information
7
Which bias involves the tendency to search for, interpret, and recall information in a way that confirms one's preexisting beliefs?
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A
Availability Heuristic
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B
Confirmation Bias
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C
Hindsight Bias
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D
Anchoring Bias
8
According to the Big Five personality traits, which trait describes a person's tendency to be organized, dependable, and disciplined?
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A
Agreeableness
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B
Openness
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C
Conscientiousness
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D
Extraversion
9
What type of study tracks the same group of individuals over an extended period to observe changes?
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A
Cross-sectional study
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B
Case study
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C
Longitudinal study
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D
Experimental study
10
Which psychological concept explains why people are less likely to offer help in an emergency when other people are present?
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A
Social Facilitation
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B
Group Polarization
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C
Bystander Effect
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D
Deindividuation
11
What is the primary focus of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)?
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A
Exploring unconscious childhood conflicts
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B
Changing maladaptive thought patterns and behaviors
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C
Examining dream symbolism
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D
Analyzing early attachment styles
12
Which brain structure is known as the 'relay station' for sensory information, sending it to the appropriate areas of the cortex?
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A
Thalamus
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B
Hypothalamus
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C
Amygdala
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D
Cerebellum
13
What is the 'just-world hypothesis'?
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A
The belief that people get what they deserve
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B
The need for total equality in society
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C
The assumption that legal systems are inherently fair
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D
The tendency to blame environmental factors for failure
14
In classical conditioning, what is the term for the initial stage of learning during which a response is first established?
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A
Extinction
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B
Acquisition
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C
Generalization
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D
Discrimination
15
Which hormone is commonly referred to as the 'stress hormone' and is released by the adrenal glands?
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A
Insulin
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B
Estrogen
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C
Cortisol
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D
Melatonin
