Questions & Answers
Browse all 20 questions from the
Foundations of Data Science study set below.
Each question shows the correct answer — select a study format above to practice interactively.
1
Which of the following is a primary goal of data science?
-
A
To create fictional narratives
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B
To extract knowledge and insights from data
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C
To develop new forms of art
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D
To predict the weather with 100% accuracy
2
What type of data is represented by categories or labels, such as 'red', 'blue', or 'green'?
-
A
Numerical data
-
B
Ordinal data
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C
Categorical data
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D
Time-series data
3
Which statistical measure represents the average of a dataset?
-
A
Median
-
B
Mode
-
C
Standard Deviation
-
D
Mean
4
In data science, what does 'feature engineering' involve?
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A
Discarding irrelevant data
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B
Creating new features from existing ones
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C
Visualizing raw data
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D
Training machine learning models
5
What is the term for a variable that is manipulated or changed in an experiment?
-
A
Dependent variable
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B
Independent variable
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C
Confounding variable
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D
Extraneous variable
6
Which programming language is widely used in data science for its extensive libraries?
-
A
Java
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B
C++
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C
Python
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D
Ruby
7
What is the process of identifying and removing errors or inconsistencies in data called?
-
A
Data augmentation
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B
Data transformation
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C
Data cleaning
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D
Data aggregation
8
What does 'overfitting' in machine learning refer to?
-
A
A model that performs poorly on training data
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B
A model that performs poorly on new, unseen data
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C
A model that is too simple to capture patterns
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D
A model that requires very little data
9
Which of the following is a common type of data visualization?
-
A
Algorithm
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B
Database
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C
Scatter plot
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D
Code
10
What is the primary purpose of a 'dataset' in data science?
-
A
To describe a single event
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B
To store a collection of related data points
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C
To define a mathematical formula
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D
To represent a user's opinion
11
What does 'algorithm' mean in the context of data science?
-
A
A type of database
-
B
A set of rules or instructions to solve a problem
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C
A method for storing data
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D
A visual representation of data
12
What is the 'median' of a dataset?
-
A
The most frequent value
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B
The average of the values
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C
The middle value when the data is ordered
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D
The range of the data
13
Which of these is a supervised learning technique?
-
A
Clustering
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B
Dimensionality Reduction
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C
Classification
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D
Association Rule Mining
14
What is the process of combining multiple data sources into a single, unified view called?
-
A
Data mining
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B
Data integration
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C
Data warehousing
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D
Data analysis
15
What is a 'hypothesis' in scientific research?
-
A
A confirmed fact
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B
A testable explanation or prediction
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C
A final conclusion
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D
A data visualization
16
Which type of variable can only take specific, separate values, such as the number of students in a class?
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A
Continuous variable
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B
Discrete variable
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C
Nominal variable
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D
Interval variable
17
What is the goal of 'exploratory data analysis' (EDA)?
-
A
To finalize a model
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B
To create production-ready code
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C
To understand the main characteristics of a dataset
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D
To document data sources
18
Which statistical concept measures the spread or dispersion of data around the mean?
-
A
Mean
-
B
Median
-
C
Standard Deviation
-
D
Mode
19
What is 'machine learning'?
-
A
A type of computer hardware
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B
A field of study that gives computers the ability to learn without being explicitly programmed
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C
A method for physical computing
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D
A technique for data storage
20
What is a 'database' in data science?
-
A
A single numerical value
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B
A tool for drawing charts
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C
An organized collection of data
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D
A programming language
