Geology Fundamentals

Geology

A collection of introductory questions covering basic geological concepts including rock types, plate tectonics, and Earth structure.

earth science rocks geology

15 Questions Easy Ages 5+ Aug 4, 2026

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About this Study Set

This study set covers Geology through 15 practice questions. A collection of introductory questions covering basic geological concepts including rock types, plate tectonics, and Earth structure. Every question includes the correct answer so you can learn as you go — pick any format above to get started.

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1 What is the hardest natural mineral on the Mohs scale?

A Quartz
B Diamond
C Topaz
D Feldspar

2 Which type of rock is formed from cooling magma or lava?

A Igneous
B Sedimentary
C Metamorphic
D Fossiliferous

3 What is the thin, outermost layer of the Earth called?

A Mantle
B Core
C Crust
D Atmosphere

4 Which of these is a sedimentary rock?

A Basalt
B Granite
C Marble
D Sandstone

5 What geological process causes the Earth's tectonic plates to move?

A Erosion
B Convection currents
C Volcanic eruptions
D Weathering

6 Which rock type is formed by extreme heat and pressure?

A Metamorphic
B Igneous
C Sedimentary
D Volcanic

7 What instrument is used to measure the magnitude of an earthquake?

A Barometer
B Thermometer
C Seismograph
D Hygrometer

8 Which layer of the Earth is composed primarily of liquid iron and nickel?

A Inner core
B Outer core
C Crust
D Mantle

9 What do you call a scientist who studies rocks and the Earth?

A Biologist
B Chemist
C Geologist
D Astronomer

10 Which of these describes the process of breaking down rocks into smaller pieces?

A Weathering
B Metamorphism
C Subduction
D Crystallization

11 What is the most abundant gas in the Earth's atmosphere?

A Oxygen
B Carbon dioxide
C Nitrogen
D Hydrogen

12 Which of these is an example of a mineral?

A Coal
B Quartz
C Plastic
D Glass

13 What is the name of the supercontinent that existed millions of years ago?

A Gondwana
B Pangaea
C Laurasia
D Rodinia

14 Which of these is a metamorphic rock?

A Limestone
B Slate
C Basalt
D Obsidian

15 What is the hot, molten rock found beneath the Earth's surface called?

A Lava
B Magma
C Ash
D Sediment

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