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Fundamentals of Formal Logic

Logic

A challenging quiz on the historical and structural foundations of classical and mathematical logic.

philosophy mathematics logic

8 Questions Hard Ages 18+ Jul 26, 2026

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About this Study Set

This study set covers Logic through 8 practice questions. A challenging quiz on the historical and structural foundations of classical and mathematical logic. Every question includes the correct answer so you can learn as you go — pick any format above to get started.

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1 Which ancient Greek philosopher is credited with the development of the syllogism, a foundational form of deductive reasoning?

A Plato
B Socrates
C Aristotle
D Epicurus

2 In propositional logic, what is the specific name for the rule of inference where 'If P implies Q, and P is true, then Q must be true'?

A Modus Ponens
B Modus Tollens
C Reductio ad absurdum
D Disjunctive syllogism

3 Which 19th-century mathematician introduced the concept of the truth table and established the foundations of Boolean algebra?

A Kurt Gödel
B George Boole
C Bertrand Russell
D Gottlob Frege

4 What is the name of the theorem that states that in any consistent formal system containing basic arithmetic, there are statements that cannot be proven or disproven within that system?

A Church-Turing Theorem
B Banach-Tarski Theorem
C Gödel's Incompleteness Theorem
D The Law of Excluded Middle

5 Which logical principle states that for any proposition, either that proposition is true or its negation is true?

A Law of Identity
B Law of Non-Contradiction
C Law of Excluded Middle
D Principle of Sufficient Reason

6 In formal logic, what is the term for a statement that is true under every possible interpretation?

A Contingency
B Tautology
C Contradiction
D Satisfiability

7 Which influential work, co-authored by Alfred North Whitehead and Bertrand Russell, attempted to derive all mathematical truths from purely logical axioms?

A Principia Mathematica
B The Laws of Thought
C Begriffsschrift
D Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus

8 What logical fallacy involves attacking the character of an opponent rather than addressing the substance of their argument?

A Straw Man
B Post hoc ergo propter hoc
C Ad hominem
D False dilemma

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