About this Study Set
This study set covers Genetics through
25 practice questions.
A collection of factual questions covering the principles of inheritance, molecular biology, and genomic structure. Every question includes the correct answer so you can learn as you go — pick any format above to get started.
Questions & Answers
Browse all 25 questions from the
Fundamentals of Genetics study set below.
Each question shows the correct answer — select a study format above to practice interactively.
1
Which molecule carries the genetic instructions for the development and functioning of all known living organisms?
-
A
Deoxyribonucleic acid
-
B
Adenosine triphosphate
-
C
Ribonucleic acid
-
D
Hemoglobin
2
What are the alternative forms of a specific gene located at a given position on a chromosome?
-
A
Alleles
-
B
Gametes
-
C
Zygotes
-
D
Proteins
3
In human cells, how many pairs of chromosomes are typically contained within the nucleus?
4
Which nitrogenous base is found in RNA but not in DNA?
-
A
Cytosine
-
B
Guanine
-
C
Thymine
-
D
Uracil
5
What term describes an organism that has two identical alleles for a particular trait?
-
A
Heterozygous
-
B
Homozygous
-
C
Dominant
-
D
Recessive
6
Who is widely considered the father of modern genetics due to his experiments with pea plants?
-
A
Charles Darwin
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B
Louis Pasteur
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C
Gregor Mendel
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D
James Watson
7
What is the physical expression or observable characteristic of an individual's genetic makeup called?
-
A
Genotype
-
B
Karyotype
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C
Phenotype
-
D
Genome
8
Which process results in the formation of four genetically diverse haploid daughter cells?
-
A
Mitosis
-
B
Meiosis
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C
Binary fission
-
D
Transcription
9
What is the sugar component found in the backbone of a DNA molecule?
-
A
Glucose
-
B
Ribose
-
C
Deoxyribose
-
D
Fructose
10
Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing new DNA strands during replication?
-
A
DNA polymerase
-
B
Amylase
-
C
Pepsin
-
D
Lipase
11
What is a permanent alteration in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene?
-
A
Mutation
-
B
Translation
-
C
Recombination
-
D
Transcription
12
In Mendelian genetics, what is the ratio of offspring expected in the F2 generation from a cross between two heterozygotes (Aa x Aa)?
-
A
1:1
-
B
2:1
-
C
3:1
-
D
9:3:3:1
13
Which structure within a cell serves as the site for protein synthesis?
-
A
Mitochondria
-
B
Nucleus
-
C
Ribosome
-
D
Lysosome
14
What type of bond holds the complementary nitrogenous bases together in a DNA double helix?
-
A
Ionic bond
-
B
Covalent bond
-
C
Hydrogen bond
-
D
Metallic bond
15
What is the specific location of a gene on a chromosome called?
-
A
Locus
-
B
Centromere
-
C
Telomere
-
D
Chromatid
16
How many bases of DNA code for a single amino acid?
-
A
One
-
B
Two
-
C
Three
-
D
Four
17
Which term refers to the complete set of genetic material present in an organism?
-
A
Proteome
-
B
Genome
-
C
Transcriptome
-
D
Chromatin
18
What is the primary function of mRNA in the cell?
-
A
Storing genetic information
-
B
Catalyzing chemical reactions
-
C
Carrying genetic code to ribosomes
-
D
Providing structural support
19
Which pair of sex chromosomes indicates a biological male in humans?
20
What is the name of the process by which DNA is copied into RNA?
-
A
Translation
-
B
Replication
-
C
Transcription
-
D
Transformation
21
Which part of the chromosome protects it from deterioration during cell division?
-
A
Centromere
-
B
Telomere
-
C
Exon
-
D
Intron
22
What does 'genotype' specifically refer to?
-
A
The physical appearance
-
B
The genetic constitution of an individual
-
C
The environmental influence on traits
-
D
The number of cells in an organism
23
What is an organism that contains genetic material from a different species called?
-
A
Mutant
-
B
Transgenic
-
C
Haploid
-
D
Polyploid
24
Which of these is a purine base found in DNA?
-
A
Cytosine
-
B
Thymine
-
C
Adenine
-
D
Uracil
25
What is the function of the centromere during cell division?
-
A
To produce proteins
-
B
To hold sister chromatids together
-
C
To replicate DNA
-
D
To transport waste out of the cell
