About this Study Set
This study set covers Cognitive Psychology through
20 practice questions.
An exploration of memory, attention, perception, and learning processes. Every question includes the correct answer so you can learn as you go — pick any format above to get started.
Questions & Answers
Browse all 20 questions from the
Cognitive Psychology Foundations study set below.
Each question shows the correct answer — select a study format above to practice interactively.
1
Which structure in the human brain is primarily responsible for the consolidation of new explicit memories?
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A
Amygdala
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B
Hippocampus
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C
Cerebellum
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D
Hypothalamus
2
What is the term for the process of grouping individual pieces of information into larger, meaningful units to improve short-term memory capacity?
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A
Rehearsal
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B
Encoding
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C
Chunking
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D
Retrieval
3
According to Baddeley's model of working memory, which component is responsible for processing visual and spatial information?
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A
Phonological loop
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B
Central executive
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C
Episodic buffer
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D
Visuospatial sketchpad
4
Which phenomenon describes the tendency to recall the first and last items in a list better than the middle items?
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A
Serial position effect
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B
Proactive interference
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C
Retroactive interference
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D
Flashbulb memory
5
Which type of long-term memory involves the conscious recollection of specific facts and general knowledge?
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A
Procedural memory
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B
Episodic memory
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C
Semantic memory
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D
Implicit memory
6
What is the term for the cognitive bias where individuals overestimate their own knowledge or competence in a specific area?
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A
Dunning-Kruger effect
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B
Confirmation bias
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C
Availability heuristic
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D
Hindsight bias
7
Which sensory system involves the perception of the body's position and movement in space?
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A
Vestibular
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B
Proprioception
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C
Kinesthesis
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D
Olfaction
8
What type of memory is used for motor skills and habits, such as riding a bicycle?
-
A
Explicit memory
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B
Declarative memory
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C
Procedural memory
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D
Sensory memory
9
What describes the failure to notice a stimulus when attention is focused elsewhere, such as the invisible gorilla experiment?
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A
Selective attention
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B
Inattentional blindness
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C
Change blindness
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D
Sensory adaptation
10
Which process involves the transformation of sensory input into a form that can be stored in the brain?
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A
Encoding
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B
Storage
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C
Retrieval
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D
Consolidation
11
In cognitive development, what term describes the ability to understand that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen?
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A
Conservation
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B
Object permanence
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C
Egocentrism
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D
Centration
12
Which cognitive heuristic involves estimating the probability of an event based on how easily examples come to mind?
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A
Representativeness heuristic
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B
Anchoring bias
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C
Availability heuristic
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D
Framing effect
13
What is the maximum capacity of short-term (working) memory according to George Miller's original research?
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A
5 plus or minus 2 items
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B
7 plus or minus 2 items
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C
10 plus or minus 3 items
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D
12 plus or minus 4 items
14
Which part of the brain is primarily associated with the regulation of emotion and the formation of emotional memories?
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A
Amygdala
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B
Thalamus
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C
Pons
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D
Medulla
15
What is the process of retrieving information by accessing a memory trace without external cues?
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A
Recognition
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B
Recall
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C
Relearning
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D
Reconstruction
16
Which theory suggests that memory is a constructive process that can be altered by later information?
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A
Decay theory
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B
Interference theory
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C
Schema theory
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D
Levels of processing theory
17
What refers to the inability to retrieve information from long-term memory that was previously available?
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A
Proactive interference
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B
Forgetting
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C
Amnesia
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D
Suppression
18
Which level of processing, according to Craik and Lockhart, leads to the longest-lasting memory traces?
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A
Structural
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B
Phonetic
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C
Semantic
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D
Acoustic
19
What is the term for the tendency to search for information that supports one's existing beliefs?
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A
Confirmation bias
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B
Self-serving bias
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C
Hindsight bias
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D
Availability bias
20
Which type of memory is highly fleeting and lasts only for a fraction of a second?
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A
Short-term memory
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B
Long-term memory
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C
Sensory memory
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D
Working memory
