About this Study Set
This study set covers Demography through
19 practice questions.
A collection of medium-difficulty, fact-based multiple-choice questions exploring fundamental concepts and established theories in demography. Every question includes the correct answer so you can learn as you go — pick any format above to get started.
Questions & Answers
Browse all 19 questions from the
Demography: Core Concepts and Theories study set below.
Each question shows the correct answer — select a study format above to practice interactively.
1
What is the primary measure used to assess the number of births per 1,000 population in a given year?
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A
Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
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B
Crude Birth Rate (CBR)
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C
Replacement-Level Fertility
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D
General Fertility Rate (GFR)
2
The demographic transition model, a cornerstone of population studies, describes a shift from high birth and death rates to what?
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A
High birth and low death rates
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B
Low birth and low death rates
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C
Low birth and high death rates
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D
Fluctuating birth and death rates
3
Which of the following is NOT a direct component of population change, as defined by the fundamental demographic balancing equation?
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A
Births
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B
Deaths
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C
Immigration
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D
Economic Development
4
Life expectancy at birth is defined as the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live if current mortality patterns continue throughout its life. What key assumption underlies this calculation?
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A
Mortality rates will increase significantly
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B
Mortality rates will decline significantly
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C
Mortality rates will remain constant
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D
Fertility rates will influence mortality
5
The concept of 'population momentum' refers to the tendency for population growth to continue even after fertility rates have fallen to replacement level. This is primarily due to what factor?
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A
High infant mortality rates
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B
A large proportion of young people in the population
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C
Increased international migration
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D
Declining death rates
6
Which theory suggests that population growth is a primary driver of environmental degradation and resource depletion?
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A
Malthusian Theory
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B
Cornucopian Theory
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C
Demographic Transition Theory
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D
Carrying Capacity Theory
7
The 'dependency ratio' in demography is a measure of the number of dependents (typically under 15 and over 64 years of age) per unit of what?
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A
Total population
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B
Working-age population
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C
Fertile population
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D
Elderly population
8
What does the term 'cohort' refer to in demographic analysis?
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A
A specific age group within a population
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B
A group of people born in the same year or period
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C
Individuals who have experienced the same life event
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D
All of the above
9
The Crude Death Rate (CDR) is calculated as the number of deaths per 1,000 population in a year. A low CDR can be an indicator of what?
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A
High fertility
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B
Improving public health and living conditions
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C
Increased migration
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D
Economic recession
10
What is the 'Total Fertility Rate' (TFR)?
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A
The average number of children a woman has by age 50
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B
The average number of children a woman would have if she experienced current age-specific fertility rates throughout her reproductive life
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C
The number of births per 1,000 women of reproductive age
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D
The average number of children born per family
11
Which type of migration involves individuals moving within the same country?
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A
International migration
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B
Emigration
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C
Internal migration
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D
Immigration
12
The concept of 'zero population growth' occurs when which of the following is true?
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A
Births equal deaths, and net migration is zero
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B
Births exceed deaths, and net migration is negative
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C
Deaths exceed births, and net migration is positive
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D
Birth rates are consistently declining
13
What is 'age structure' in demography?
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A
The distribution of a population by age and sex
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B
The proportion of elderly people in a population
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C
The rate of aging in a population
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D
The average age of a population
14
The 'sex ratio' is typically defined as the number of males per 100 females. What is the approximate natural sex ratio at birth?
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A
100 males per 100 females
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B
105 males per 100 females
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C
110 males per 100 females
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D
95 males per 100 females
15
The 'rate of natural increase' is the difference between the crude birth rate and the:
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A
Crude death rate
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B
Net migration rate
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C
Total fertility rate
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D
Dependency ratio
16
Which of the following demographic indicators is most sensitive to changes in mortality at younger ages?
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A
Life expectancy at age 65
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B
Life expectancy at birth
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C
Crude death rate
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D
Total fertility rate
17
In demographic analysis, what does 'replacement-level fertility' generally refer to?
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A
A TFR of 2.1 children per woman
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B
A TFR of 2.0 children per woman
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C
A TFR sufficient to replace the current generation, accounting for mortality
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D
A TFR that leads to zero population growth
18
The study of population dynamics, including births, deaths, migration, and aging, is known as:
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A
Sociology
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B
Anthropology
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C
Demography
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D
Epidemiology
19
Which factor is often considered the most significant driver of the increasing life expectancy observed in many developed countries over the past century?
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A
Increased birth rates
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B
Decreased infant and child mortality
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C
Higher fertility rates among older women
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D
Greater international migration
