Questions & Answers
Browse all 18 questions from the
Foundations of Criminology study set below.
Each question shows the correct answer — select a study format above to practice interactively.
1
What is the primary focus of criminology?
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A
The study of psychology
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B
The study of crime and criminals
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C
The study of politics
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D
The study of economics
2
Which early criminological theory proposed that criminal behavior is a result of biological factors?
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A
Rational Choice Theory
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B
Social Learning Theory
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C
Positivist Criminology
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D
Routine Activities Theory
3
Cesare Lombroso is most associated with which of the following ideas?
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A
The influence of peer groups
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B
The concept of the 'born criminal'
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C
The importance of economic inequality
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D
The role of media in crime
4
What does the term 'delinquency' typically refer to?
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A
Crimes committed by adults
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B
Minor offenses, often by juveniles
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C
Serious violent felonies
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D
White-collar crimes
5
Which sociological perspective emphasizes that crime is a learned behavior?
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A
Strain Theory
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B
Social Control Theory
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C
Social Learning Theory
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D
Labeling Theory
6
According to Strain Theory, what is a major cause of crime?
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A
Lack of social bonds
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B
Anomie or the breakdown of social norms
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C
Genetic predisposition
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D
Opportunity for easy gain
7
What does Social Control Theory suggest is the reason people conform to laws?
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A
They are inherently good
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B
They have strong social bonds
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C
They fear punishment
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D
They believe laws are just
8
Labeling Theory suggests that crime is a result of what?
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A
Biological defects
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B
Economic hardship
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C
Societal reactions and the application of labels
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D
Free will and choice
9
Which of the following is considered a 'white-collar' crime?
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A
Robbery
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B
Arson
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C
Embezzlement
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D
Assault
10
What is 'criminological research' primarily concerned with?
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A
Proving guilt in court
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B
Developing new legal statutes
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C
Understanding the causes and patterns of crime
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D
Managing correctional facilities
11
Who is often considered the 'father of criminology' for his work on criminal anthropology?
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A
Edwin Sutherland
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B
Cesare Beccaria
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C
Cesare Lombroso
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D
Emile Durkheim
12
The idea that individuals commit crimes because they rationally weigh the potential rewards against the risks of punishment is central to which theory?
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A
Deterrence Theory
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B
Rational Choice Theory
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C
Routine Activities Theory
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D
General Strain Theory
13
What does 'anomie' mean in the context of sociological theories of crime?
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A
A strong sense of community
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B
A state of normlessness or breakdown of social norms
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C
The presence of strong social bonds
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D
The absence of opportunity
14
Feminist criminology highlights the role of which factor in understanding crime?
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A
Biological differences between sexes
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B
Patriarchal structures and gender inequality
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C
Individual economic status
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D
Cognitive development
15
Which type of crime involves the use of computers and networks to commit offenses?
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A
Street crime
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B
Organized crime
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C
Cybercrime
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D
Domestic violence
16
The study of the measurement and statistics of crime is known as:
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A
Victimology
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B
Penology
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C
Criminalistics
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D
Criminometry
17
What is the primary goal of deterrence in criminology?
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A
Rehabilitate offenders
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B
Prevent future crime
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C
Understand the root causes of crime
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D
Punish offenders for past actions
18
Routine Activities Theory suggests that crime occurs when which three elements converge?
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A
Opportunity, motive, and rationalization
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B
Offender, victim, and lack of capable guardian
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C
Social bonds, strain, and labeling
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D
Biological urges, learned behavior, and economic need
