Questions & Answers
Browse all 20 questions from the
Historical Foundations of Addiction Science study set below.
Each question shows the correct answer — select a study format above to practice interactively.
1
Which 19th-century chemist first isolated morphine from opium, effectively marking the beginning of modern alkaloid chemistry?
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A
Friedrich Sertürner
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B
Albert Niemann
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C
Arthur Eichengrün
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D
Felix Hoffmann
2
In 1914, the United States passed the Harrison Narcotics Tax Act. What was its primary legal mechanism for controlling opioid and cocaine distribution?
-
A
A total ban on all production
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B
A registration and taxation system for sellers
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C
Criminalization of possession for users
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D
Mandatory institutionalization of addicts
3
The term 'addiction' was significantly refined in the 1950s by the World Health Organization (WHO) to replace which older, stigmatized term?
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A
Habituation
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B
Inebriation
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C
Drug mania
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D
Moral failing
4
Who is credited with the 1964 discovery that THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) is the primary psychoactive component of cannabis?
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A
Alexander Shulgin
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B
Raphael Mechoulam
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C
Albert Hofmann
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D
Kary Mullis
5
The 'Rat Park' experiments conducted by Bruce K. Alexander in the late 1970s challenged which prevailing scientific view on addiction?
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A
The theory of metabolic tolerance
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B
The biological inevitability of chemical dependence
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C
The role of dopamine in reinforcement
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D
The necessity of ventral tegmental activation
6
Which neurotransmitter, identified by Arvid Carlsson in the 1950s, was later confirmed to be central to the reward-processing system targeted by addictive drugs?
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A
Serotonin
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B
GABA
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C
Dopamine
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D
Acetylcholine
7
In 1898, the Bayer company famously marketed which substance as a non-addictive substitute for morphine and codeine for children's coughs?
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A
Heroin
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B
Methadone
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C
Fentanyl
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D
Oxycodone
8
The 1970 Controlled Substances Act categorized drugs into five schedules. Which agency was granted primary authority for enforcement?
-
A
The FDA
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B
The DEA
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C
The CDC
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D
The NIH
9
Which physician and researcher is known for the 1920s development of the 'dole-nyswander' protocol, which pioneered methadone maintenance treatment?
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A
Vincent Dole and Marie Nyswander
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B
Solomon Snyder
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C
Candace Pert
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D
Nora Volkow
10
What historically significant 19th-century phenomenon was driven by the availability of hypodermic needles during the American Civil War?
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A
The 'Soldier's Disease' (morphine addiction)
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B
The cocaine epidemic
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C
The mass use of ether
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D
The invention of barbiturates
11
In 1973, researchers Solomon Snyder and Candace Pert identified the first specific location in the brain where opioids bind. What is it?
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A
The opioid receptor
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B
The dopamine transporter
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C
The serotonin 5-HT2A receptor
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D
The GABA-A receptor
12
Which federal US agency was established in 1974 primarily to support research on the prevention and treatment of drug abuse?
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A
NIDA (National Institute on Drug Abuse)
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B
NIAAA (National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism)
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C
SAMHSA
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D
Office of National Drug Control Policy
13
What was the primary chemical compound isolated from coca leaves by Friedrich Gaedcke in 1855?
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A
Erythroxylum
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B
Erythroxyline (Cocaine)
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C
Benzoylecgonine
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D
Ecgonine
14
During the late 19th century, 'Laudanum' was a common medical preparation consisting of opium dissolved in what solvent?
-
A
Water
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B
Ethanol
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C
Ether
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D
Chloroform
15
The 'War on Drugs' rhetoric gained significant political momentum in 1971 when President Richard Nixon officially designated drug abuse as what?
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A
Public Enemy Number One
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B
A criminal conspiracy
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C
A failure of the social contract
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D
A biological contagion
16
Which synthetic opioid, developed in Nazi Germany in 1939 by Max Bockmühl and Gustav Ehrhart, was originally named 'Dolophine'?
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A
Methadone
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B
Fentanyl
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C
Carfentanil
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D
Meperidine
17
In the history of addiction science, what was the first 'drug of abuse' to have a dedicated, specific antagonist (naloxone) approved by the FDA in 1971?
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A
Alcohol
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B
Opioids
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C
Nicotine
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D
Benzodiazepines
18
Which English author and opium addict wrote 'Confessions of an English Opium-Eater' in 1821, providing one of the first detailed accounts of addiction?
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A
Thomas De Quincey
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B
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
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C
Charles Dickens
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D
Lord Byron
19
The 'Temperance Movement' of the 19th century primarily targeted the consumption of which substance?
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A
Tobacco
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B
Distilled spirits
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C
Opium
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D
Cocaine
20
Before its regulation, which chemical was widely used as a tonic in 'Vin Mariani,' a 19th-century wine popularized by Pope Leo XIII?
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A
Cocaine
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B
Morphine
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C
Amphetamine
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D
Chloral hydrate
